Background: Many studies showed that HEART RATE RECOVERY (1 min) and exercise capacity at exercise test are both strong predictors of cardiovascular events in various populations. This study compared HEART RATE RECOVERY (1min) and exercise capacity in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome in Iranian community.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 470 individuals aged ³ 35 years who followed in Isfahan Cohort Study. A questionnaire including questions on demographic and lifestyle information as well as weight, height, blood pressure, and waist circumference was completed. Triglyceride, fasting blood glucose (FBS), total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL levels were measured as well. All subjects performed a symptom limited exercise test under the standard Bruce protocol. HEART RATE RECOVERY (1 min) and exercise capacity were calculated. Data were analyzed by generalized linear model SPSS15 software.Finding: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were higher in individuals with metabolic syndrome (P=0.001). HEART RATE RECOVERY (1 min) was in normal range in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (>18 bpm) but in subjects without metabolic syndrome it was higher (41.48 versus 37.07; P=0.007). There was no difference between men and women in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (P=0.645 and 0.39 respectively). Exercise capacity was lower in individuals without metabolic syndrome (P=0.022).Conclusion: Our findings suggested that among exercise capacity and HEART RATE RECOVERY, this is exercise capacity which has a stronger relationship with metabolic syndrome in our community. Also, it seems that there is a need for reconsideration on HEART RATE RECOVERY threshold.

Background: It has been suggested that the autonomic system function and the metabolic syndrome can significantly affect patients' survival. The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of the cardiac rehabilitation program on the autonomic system balance in patients with coronary artery disease.Methods: Patients with a previous diagnosis of coronary artery disease who were referred to the Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Center of Afshar Hospital (Yazd, Iran) between March and November 2011 were enrolled. All the patients participated in rehabilitation sessions 3 times a week for 12 weeks. HEART RATE RECOVERY (HRR) was measured as an indicator of the autonomic system balance. In order to calculate HRR, the maximum HEART RATE during the exercise test was recorded.At the end of the exercise test, the patients were asked to sit down without having a cooldown period and their HEART RATE was recorded again after 1 minute. The difference between these 2 measurements was considered as HRR.Results: A total of 108 patients, including 86 (79.6%) men and 22 (20.4%) women, completed the rehabilitation course.The mean age of the study participants was 58.25 ± 9.83 years. A statistically significant improvement was observed in HRR (p value=0.040). Significant declines were also observed in the patients' waist circumference (p value<0.001) and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p value=0.018 and 0.003, respectively). A decreasing trend was observed in the patients' body mass index, but it failed to reach statistical significance (p value=0.063). No statistically meaningful changes were noted in fasting blood glucose (p value=0.171), high-density lipoprotein (p value=0.070), or triglyceride concentrations (p value=0.149).Conclusion: The cardiac rehabilitation program may help to improve HRR and several components of the metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary HEART disease.

Background: Hear RATE turbulence, Disturbances in Vagal activity and reduced HEART RATE variability (HRV) is observed in individuals after coronary artery bypass grafting. Exercise training is recommended to improve these failures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of interval exercise training on HEART RATE RECOVERY (HRR) and HEART RATE variability after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods: The subjects of this study were those who had gone under CABGin 501 Artesh Hospital and had passed one month of RECOVERY. The subjects were divided into two groups of training (n=12) and control (n=12) after preliminary evaluations and performing exercise test. The patients underwent 4 weeks of interval exercise training, 3 times a week, in Tehran HEART center. T-test was used to evaluate the intra-group differences and independent t-test was used to evaluate the difference between groups (p<0.05).Results: The result showed that parameters of HRV including TP, HF, LF and Lf/HF had been significantly affected by 4 weeks of interval exercise training. Interval exercise training had also significantly reduced the HRR in 1-3 min after exercise training.Conclusion: As the two important indicators of mortality (HRV and HRR) had improved after interval exercise training, this type of exercise training can be recommended to the patients who undergo CABG for better RECOVERY.

Purpose: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, highlighting the necessity of timely cardiovascular risk prediction and the management of risk factors to mitigate their incidence. HEART RATE RECOVERY (HRR) serves as a noninvasive, long-term predictor of cardiovascular risk and subsequent mortality across populations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify which exercise-related variables and individual characteristics influence HRR in the healthy population. Review Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and Cochrane. The articles were required to have samples consisting exclusively of healthy patients without cardiovascular risk factors. The analyzed variables had to include HRR, and the experimental design needed to be based on quantitative studies. Summary: As results, 16 articles were included. Eight of them analyzed variables associated with exercise characteristics (intensity, duration, modality, or different postures during pre-and postexercise periods), while the other eight focused on individual characteristics (age, sex, menstrual cycle, cardiorespiratory fitness, body fat percentage, birth weight, prematurity, or waist-to-height ratio) following one or multiple sessions of aerobic exercise in predominantly young male samples. In conclusion, exercise intensity, involvement of the upper limbs, exercise performed under normal conditions, prior postural changes, and activation of the muscle mechanoreflex influenced HRR. Individual characteristics that also influenced it included sex, cardiorespiratory fitness, waist–stature ratio, arterial stiffness, prematurity, and birth weight.

Introduction: One important problem, regarding patients who undergo bypass surgery, is insufficient RECOVERY after surgery. Delayed surgical RECOVERY leads to some negative clinical, psychological, and economic consequences for both the patients and providers of medical care services. The current research was conducted to determine the relationship between social networks and the RECOVERY RATE of cardiovascular patients after the HEART bypass surgery.Methods: This study was conducted as a quantitative cross-sectional research. The sample population includes cardiac patients who underwent HEART bypass surgery at least one week before. The instruments of data collections were Berckman and Sim’s social network index (BSSNI) and an author-made questionnaire on RECOVERY RATE.Results: There was a statistically significant difference among patients with quick and slow recoveries, concerning the social networks (P<0.01).Conclusion: Patients making quick RECOVERY had wider social network compared to those making slow RECOVERY. The findings indicated that a social network is an influential factor in social and behavioral interferences aiming at increasing RECOVERY RATE of cardiovascular patients after HEART bypass surgery.

Background: Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) reduces angina pectoris, extends time to exercise-induced ischemia, and improves quality of life in patients with symptomatic stable angina. We aimed to evaluate the effects of EECP on HEART RATE RECOVERY in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Between January 2011 and March 2013, a total of 34 consecutive patients (24 male, 70. 6%) with symptomatic CAD, who were candidated for EECP, prospectively received 35 sessions of 1-hour EECP therapy per day, 6 days per week. The patients underwent echocardiography and a symptom-limited modified Bruce exercise test before and after EECP. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), resting and peak exercise HEART RATEs, systolic blood pressure, HEART RATE at 1 and 2 minutes of RECOVERY, exercise duration, workload, and first-and second-minute HEART RATE RECOVERY were measured before EECP and compared with those after EECP. Results: The mean age of the patients (70. 6% men) was 64. 82 ± 8. 28 years. After EECP, exercise duration increased significantly from 6. 48 ± 2. 76 minutes to 9. 20 ± 2. 71 minutes (p value < 0. 001). Maximum workload increased significantly (4. 44 ± 1. 28 vs. 5. 65 ± 1. 77 METS; p value < 0. 001). The LVEF increased from 42. 65 ± 11. 82% to 44. 26 ± 11. 86% (p value < 0. 001). The resting systolic blood pressure decreased significantly from 125. 59 ± 22. 35 mmHg to 116. 26 ± 14. 93 mmHg (p value = 0. 013). The increase in the first-and second-minute HEART RATE RECOVERY after EECP was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that exercise duration, maximum workload, and the LVEF might increase significantly after EECP. The increase in the first-and second-minute HEART RATE RECOVERY after EECP was not statistically significant.